MySQL Architecture Explained: Performance Tuning & Troubleshooting Guide

MySQL features a unique tiered architecture that separates query processing from data storage through its pluggable storage engine model. This guide explores the core components—from connection handling and the SQL optimizer to the physical storage of data on disk. By understanding how engines like InnoDB provide ACID compliance and row-level locking, you can significantly improve your database's scalability. We also break down the query execution workflow and provide actionable tips for performance tuning, such as optimizing the buffer pool. Whether you're managing a replica set or a standalone instance, mastering MySQL’s internal structure is essential for building high-performance applications.

Jethish February 05, 2026